Mary Church Terrell - Womens Civil Rights Activist

Born Mary Eliza Church, Mary Church Terrell (September 23, 1863 – July 24, 1954) was a key pioneer in the intersectional movements for civil rights and suffrage. As both an educator and activist, she was an important figure in the advancement of the civil rights cause. Early Life Mary Church Terrell was born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1863 - the same year that President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. Both of her parents were former slaves who became successful in business: her mother, Louisa, owned a successful hair salon, and her father, Robert, became one of the first African-American millionaires in the South. The family lived in a mostly-white neighborhood, and the young Mary was protected in her early years from most experience of racism, even though, when she was three, her father was shot during the Memphis race riots of 1866. It was not until she was five, hearing stories from her grandmother about slavery, that she began to be conscious of African American history. Her parents divorced in 1869 or 1870, and her mother first had custody of both Mary and her brother. In 1873, the family sent her north to Yellow Springs and then Oberlin for school. Terrell split her summers between visiting her father in Memphis and her mother where she had moved, New York City. Terrell graduated from Oberlin College, Ohio, one of the few integrated colleges in the country, in 1884, where she had taken the gentlemans course rather than the easier, shorter womens program. Two of her fellow students, Anna Julia Cooper and Ida Gibbs Hunt, would become her lifelong friends, colleagues, and allies in the movement for racial and gender equality. Mary moved back to Memphis to live with her father. He had become wealthy, in part by buying up properties cheaply when people fled the yellow fever epidemic in 1878-1879. Her father opposed her working; however, when he remarried, Mary accepted a teaching position in Xenia, Ohio, and then another in Washington, DC. After completing her masters degree at Oberlin while living in Washington, she spent two years traveling in Europe with her father. In 1890, she returned to teach at a high school for black students in Washington, D.C. Family and Early Activism In Washington, Mary renewed her friendship with her supervisor at the school, Robert Heberton Terrell. They married in 1891. As was expected at the time, Mary left her employment upon marriage. Robert Terrell was admitted to the bar in 1883 in Washington and, from 1911 to 1925, taught law at Howard University. He served as a judge of the District of Columbia Municipal Court from 1902 to 1925. The first three children Mary bore died shortly after birth. Her daughter, Phyllis, was born in 1898, and the couple adopted their daughter Mary a few years later. In the meantime, Mary had become very active in social reform and volunteer work, including working with black womens organizations and for womens suffrage in the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Susan B. Anthony became a friend of hers. Mary also worked for kindergartens and child care, especially for children of working mothers. Mary entered activism more fiercely after the 1892 lynching of her friend Thomas Moss, a black business owner who was attacked by white businessmen for competing with their businesses. Her theory of activism was based on the idea of uplift, or the idea that discrimination could be tackled by social advancement and education, with the belief that the advancement of one member of the community could advance the whole community. Excluded from full participation in planning with other women for activities at the 1893 Worlds Fair, Mary instead threw her efforts into building up black womens organizations that would work to end both gender and racial discrimination. She helped engineer the merger of black womens clubs to form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1896. She was its first president, serving in that capacity until 1901, when she was appointed honorary president for life. Founder and Icon During the 1890s, Mary Church Terrells increasing skill in and recognition for public speaking led her to take up lecturing as a profession. She became a friend of and worked with W.E.B. DuBois, and he invited her to become one of the charter members when the NAACP was founded. Mary Church Terrell also served on the Washington, DC, school board, from 1895 to 1901 and again from 1906 to 1911, the first African American woman to serve on that body. Her success in that post was rooted in her earlier activism with the NACW and its partner organizations, which worked on education initiatives focused on black women and children, from nurseries to adult women in the workforce. In 1910, she helped found the College Alumni Club or College Alumnae Club. In the 1920s, Mary Church Terrell worked with the Republican National Committee on behalf of women and African Americans. She voted Republican until 1952, when she voted for Adlai Stevenson for president. Though Mary was able to vote, many other black men and women were not, due to laws in the South that essentially disenfranchised black voters. Widowed when her husband died in 1925, Mary Church Terrell continued her lecturing, volunteer work, and activism, briefly considering a second marriage. Activist Until The End Even as she entered retirement age, Mary continued her work for womens rights and race relations. In 1940, she published her autobiography, A Colored Woman in a White World, which described her personal experiences with discrimination. In her last years, she picketed and worked in the campaign to end segregation in Washington, D.C., where she joined the fight against restaurant segregation despite already being in her mid-eighties. Mary lived to see this fight won in their favor: in 1953, the courts ruled that segregated eating places were unconstitutional. Mary Church Terrell died in 1954, just two months after the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, a fitting bookend to her life which began just after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation and which focused on education as a key means of advancing the civil rights she spent her life fighting for. Mary Church Terrell Fast Facts Born: September 23, 1863 in Memphis, TennesseeDied: July 24, 1954 in Annapolis, MarylandSpouse: Robert Heberton Terrell (m. 1891-1925)Children: Phyllis (only surviving biological child) and Mary (adopted daughter)Key Accomplishments: An early civil rights leader and womens rights advocate, she was one of the first African-American women to earn a college degree. She went on to be a founder of National Association of Colored Women and a charter member of the NAACPOccupation: educator, activist, professional lecturer Sources Church, Mary Terrell. A Colored Woman in a White World. Washington, DC: Ransdell, Inc. Publishers, 1940.Jones, B. W. Mary Church Terrell and the National Association of Colored Women: 1986-1901,  The Journal of Negro History, vol. 67 (1982),  20–33.Michals, Debra. Mary Church Terrell. National Womens History Museum, 2017, https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-church-terrell

Satire In Gullivers Travels - 1455 Words

Authors write in many different forms and use many different elements in their works. One of these elements that writers use is called â€Å"satire.† This element is used to make fun of something that the author disapproves of in a comical but hidden way. Widely considered as one of the greatest satirists to ever live, Jonathan Swift used satire in his works to express his disgust in society and the British Monarchy during the 18th century. One of the greatest satires ever written by Swift was Gulliver’s Travels. In Gulliver’s Travels, satire is evident through Gulliver’s voyage to Lilliput, his dialogue with Lilliput’s emperor, and his time spent within the kingdom of Brobdingnag. First introduced in ancient Greece in 423 B.C., â€Å"satire†¦show more content†¦Swift expresses these feelings multiple times in the book in many different ways. In Gulliver’s Travels, Swift expresses his fury towards the British Monarchy and points out the many faults within the royal court. Swift first states in Gulliver’s Travels, â€Å"when a great office is vacant either by death or disgrace (which often happens) five or six of those candidates petition the Emperor to entertain his Majesty and the court with a dance on the rope, and whoever jumps the highest without falling, succeeds in the office† (Swift 44). This statement in the book shows his anger towards how people get into office. Showing how people will climb over each other to get an office position and that the monarchy will only let people with a plentiful amount of money and a good name run for office. Gulliver also notices within the book that all objects on the island of Lilliput are the same size as the Lilliputians, noticing this he makes the statement, â€Å"...but nature hath adapted the eyes of the Lilliputians to all objects proper for their view: they see with great exactness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Swift 62). Swift is satirizing in these lines that the British Monarchy is near sighted to problems outside of their kingdom and only care about Britain. Swift also brings out a major point later in the book when Gulliver ends up on the island of Brobdingnag. Since Gulliver is so small compared to the rest of the Brobdingnagians, he is treated kind of insignificant. Swift is comparingShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Satire of Gullivers Travels 807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Satire of Gullivers Travels      Ã‚  Ã‚   During the eighteenth century there was an incredible upheaval of commercialization in London, England.   As a result, English society underwent significant, changes in attitude and thought, in an attempt to obtain the dignity and splendor of royalty and the upper class (McKendrick,2).   As a result, English society held themselves in very high regards, feeling that they were the elite society of mankind.   In his novel, Gullivers Travels, JonathanRead MoreThe Use of Satire in Gullivers Travels903 Words   |  4 Pages Satire is a literary work that uses humor, hyperbole, and derision to ridicule the human behaviors and customs. Rather than being judgmental, many writers utilize satire to convey their innovative ideas to change certain aspects of society. From the many writers that used satire to condemn the actions of society, Jonathan Swifts, Gullivers travels, stands as one of the best satirical work in human history. Published in 1726, Gullivers travels i s an adventure of Lemuel Gulliver whose voyage turnsRead MoreSatire in Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesSatire in Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift makes a satirical attack on humanity. In the final book, Swift takes a stab at humanity by simultaneously criticizing physiological, mental, and spiritual aspects of humans. Literary critics Ronald Knowles and Irvin Ehrenpreis both agree that the last book focused entirely on satirizing humanity. The Yahoo brutes that inhabit Houyhnhnm Land are a despicable species that have the physical appearance of humansRead MoreSatire in Jonathan Swift ´s Gullivers Travels1944 Words   |  8 PagesJonathan Swift produced one of the most printed novels known to date. 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When one first reads his accounts in each of these lands, one may believe that they are reading humorous accounts of fairy-tale-like lands that are intended to amuseRead MoreGullivers Travels by Swift as a Fine Example of Satire Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesGullivers Travels by Swift as a Fine Example of Satire Gullivers Travels is a book which uses satire, to attack the politics of its time. Swift operates on two levels; on one level he tells an enjoyable fantasy story for all ages. On the second level behind the superficial narrative he comments upon the issues he faces in the reality of England and makes criticisms. The story is set on an island called Lilliput, it is inhabited by little people and it is this whichRead More Comapring Naivete and Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels and Voltaires Candide2292 Words   |  10 PagesNaivete and Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels and Voltaires Candide       A child has the ability to make the most critical and objective observation on society and the behavior of man. How is this possible? A child has yet to mature and lacks proper education and experience. However, it is for this very reason that a child would make the perfect social scientist; his or her naivete may provide an excellent means of objective criticism and most often satire. A childs curiousRead MoreSwifts Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages Swifts Gulliver’s Travels enables us to critically and harshly analyse our world and encourages us to evaluate the customs of early 18th century English society in relation to an ideal humanity. 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Differentiating Organisms Using a Gram Stain Free Essays

Amanda Lab Report 1 Microbiology Laboratory Title – Differentiating Organisms using the Gram Stain Introduction The experiment conducted was based upon the known attributes of two different groups of bacteria, those that are gram positive, and those that are gram negative. Using a specific staining procedure, it is possible to differentiate the two types under a microscope The gram stain method of differentiation is possible because of differences in the cell membrane between the two categories of bacteria. Gram positive cells have an extra thick layer that is made of highly-crosslinked peptidoglycans, which impart different properties. We will write a custom essay sample on Differentiating Organisms Using a Gram Stain or any similar topic only for you Order Now This layer makes the cells less susceptible to decolorization by Ethyl Alcohol. Using this property, cells with a thinner peptidoglycan layer can be stained a different color than gram positive cells within a culture. The primary color is applied to the culture and imparts a purple color to all bacteria in your sample. Adding Gram’s iodine, a mordant used by the method’s namesake, makes the violet color more intense, and creates a bond with the primary stain that makes it less soluble. The third step is to add a decolorizing agent, Ethyl Alcohol. In gram negative cells the alcohol makes the outer cells porous, which allows the primary stain to be washed away. The gram positive cells have pores that are actually dried out by the alcohol, which makes the primary stain fix into the membrane, and not get washed away. The final stain is the counter stain that lends a different, pinkish color to the gram negative cells that have been washed of the primary stain. Methods The method used in this experiment was derived from Cappucino and Sherman (2011) as detailed in experiment 10 with substitutions for the unknown bacteria. Aseptic lab technique was followed. One slide of the #7 unknown bacteria and one slide which included both unknown #7 and unknown #2 were prepared using the following stain technique. The initial smears were made from broth cultures using a loop, air dried, and then heat fixed. The smears were covered with crystal violet stain and allowed to absorb for one minute, before gently rinsing with a controlled stream of water from a squeeze bottle. Next, Gram’s iodine was applied to the smears with a dropper and left to sit for one minute before rinsing with water. Next, the 95% Ethyl Alcohol mixture was dropped slowly onto each smear and allowed to run off until the alcohol appeared clear and then gently rinsed with water. Lastly in the staining procedure, Saffranin was dropped onto the smear until it was covered, for 45 seconds. The smears were rinsed with water final time, then placed between sheets of bibulous paper to dry. Each smear was viewed under the light microscope using oil immersion at 1000x magnification. These smears were compared to smears prepared in the same fashion, of the known bacteria E. coli, B. cereus, S. ureus, and a mixed smear containing both E. coli and S. aureus. Results Experiment 10 Observations Bacteria| E. coli| B. cereus| S. aureus| Mixture of E. coli and S. aureus| RepresentativeField| | | | | Shape| Bacillus| Bacillus| Cocci| Cocci, Bacilli| Arrangement| Single, some clustered by the stain| Strepto| Variable, mostly staph| cluster| Cell Color| pink| purple| purple| Purple/pink| Gram Reaction| -| +| +| +/-| Un known Bacteria Observations Name| Unknown #7| Unknown #2| Mixed Field| Representative Field| | | | Shape| Bacillus| cocci| Bacillus/Cocci overlap| Arrangement| Strepto| staph| cluster| Cell Color| Purple| purple| Purple| Gram Reaction| +| +| +| * Table 1 shows how the three different cells were observed after staining. The only pink and gram negative bacteria were the E. coli which were rod shaped and collected in a strepto arrangement. Bacillus cereus was purple in color, appeared rod shaped characteristic of bacilli and was gram positive, appearing purple as expected. The other gram positive and purple bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus were spherical in shape, and clustered into large groups with some lone cocci visualized. The mixture in Table 1 showed a good contrast between the pink rods of E. coli and the purple circles of S. aureus. * Table 2 shows Unknown # 7 as a rod shaped, chain forming, purple bacteria. Unknown #7 was visualized as a clustering purple, spherical organism. Both appeared gram +. The mixture of the two showed the same shapes, but in this case the rods and spheres tended to cluster and were more difficult to observe as they were the same color. But rods and spheres could be clearly discerned upon careful examination. Table 1 served as a control for table 2, as each the unknowns in Table 2 were going to be one of the Table 1 organisms, barring contamination. If a bacteria was visualized in Table 2’s data that was not present in Table 1, there was an obvious error which could be corrected by redoing the slides. The information for Table 2 came from observations on Thursday following the original day for the unknowns on Tuesday, as we observed contamination on the slides from gram negative bacteria that should not have been present with gram positive stains. Discussion B. cereus and S. aureus appeared purple upon observation through the microscope. This is consistent with knowledge about the two bacteria that indicate they are gram positive bacteria. The purple coloration means that their outer layers are of the more highly cross linked type with more peptidoglycan, which gives their cell membrane shape and firmer structure. This also makes the membranes open to dehydration without weakening. When the decolorizing agent was applied in this experiment, the cell walls of the gram positive organisms shrank up, not allowing the primary stain to leave. They remained purple even after treatment with Saffranin. E. coli’s outer layer also has peptidoglycan but it is much thinner, and surrounded by lipids. When the decolorizing agent was applied to the slide containing this bacteria, it’s membrane let the stain wash easily out of the thin membrane. The saffranin as the second stain was then picked up easily, giving the E. oli a pink shade. The results of the study show that unknown # 7substance was B. cereus. The purple color and gram positive reaction ruled out E. coli as the identity of the unknown. Rods arranged in strips were observed in the unknown # 7, so B. cereus became the leading contender. When unknown #2 and unknown # 7 were mixed, a contrast between the rods and spheres could be observed, which made it clear that unknown #7 showed a clear bacilli structu re. Contamination on Tuesday of the experiment led to misleading results. Because unknown #2 had been visualized as purple cocci, and unknown #7 had been visualized as purple bacilli, when unknown #2 and unknown # 7 were mixed, it was unclear as to what the pink gram negative bacteria appearing in the slide were. The pink bacteria clung to the purple bacteria in the slide. It was decided that the unknown #2 had been mixed up with another unknown during testing, or the aseptic technique had been compromised. The unknowns were heat fixed and stained a second time, visualized individually and in a mix . The final results were unambiguous. It is unclear whether the gram-negative bacteria were E. coli or another gram negative bacterium as the pink structures were behind the purple structures in the slide and were very translucent. It also possible the pink bacteria were a result of decolorizing the bacteria for too long with ethyl alcohol during the staining process, or the pink bodies were contaminant material and not cells at all which happened to take on the Saffranin stain by chance. Literature Cited Cappuccino, J. G. , and N. Sherman (2011) Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Pearson Benjamin Cummings (San Francisco). How to cite Differentiating Organisms Using a Gram Stain, Papers

Market Evaluation of Amazon

Question: Write an essay onMarket Evaluation of Amazon. Answer: Introduction Amazon is selected as an organization for logistic and operation Management. It is the worlds largest online retailer and a provider of prominent cloud services. The company started its business by book selling and has expanded its business by selling a wide range of consumer goods and digital media, which includes Kindle Fire, e-book reader, streaming media adapter (Rangel, 2015). Here in this report consumer electronic products of Amazon have been selected. The products are digital or electronic equipment's that are used daily in private homes. The products include DVD players, iPods, remote control cars, etc. Market Evaluation of Amazon The organization manages logistic and operation management properly. Logistic and operation management helps the company in covering design, operation and management of the system for proper placement of physical services, raw material, finished goods and related information and services. There are several competitors of Amazon in the electronics and general merchandise market (Cheung et al. 2016). The competitors of Amazon include Best Buy, Family Dollar, RadioShack, Wal-Mart, etc. The report suggests that there is a growth of 34% in the shares of market sales every year. To exist in the market, Amazon is optimizing itself for operating on skinny profits. Amazon has highest market shares in consumer electronics market. Amazon has 39% of market shares of sales (Aguzzoni et al. 2016) Application of different Operation Strategies on Amazon Operation strategy is a plan that provides information about how a business can use its production to achieve its goals. The business managers provide operation strategy to its subordinates to present the business plan for achieving the goals and objectives of the organization (Slack et al. 2013). There are four processes of operation Strategy Stages. The stages include operation strategy formulation, implementation of strategy operation, monitoring of operation strategy and control of operations strategy (Borner et al. 2014) Formulation of operations strategy Strategy formulation is defined as a process in which every organization selects its appropriate course of actions that are helpful in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. Every organization formulates the strategy as it provides a framework for achieving success (Holweg and Helo, 2014). Amazon formulates its strategy plan in order grab the consumer electronics market. The company has selected the most important course of action in order to achieve the vision of the organization. The company has used six steps for operation strategy formulation. The steps include: Setting the objective of the organization: In the first stage, Amazon sets its objectives in order to achieve success. Evaluating the environment of the organization: Amazon evaluates the economic industrial and environment of the organization. It helps the company in reviewing its competitive position in the market (Ward and Peppard, 2016). Setting targets that are quantitative in nature: in this step, the company sets up a quantitative target. The idea helps in comparing the long-term customers for evaluation of contribution that is done by different product zones of Amazon (Klaus, 2013) Aim according to the divisional plans: contribution made by each department of the company is analyzed and identified according to the strategic plan of the company. Performance plans: It helps Amazon in analyzing the gap between reality and the desired performance by the company. It is also helpful for the organization as with the help of the performance plan, and they estimate the future condition (Kumar, 2014) Strategy choice: This is the final stage in operation strategy formulation. The main course of action is chosen after considering the goals, strengths of the organization, limitation as well as external opportunities (Brner et al. 2014) Operation Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is a process in which a selected strategy is translated into actions of the organization, in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. It is also a process or a manner, which helps the organization in developing and utilizing the structure of the organization, control system culture, etc. (Ward and Peppard, 2016).To implement the operation strategy, Amazon uses some steps. The steps are: It develops the organization in such a way so as to carry out the strategy properly For essential strategy activities, Amazon disburses abundant resources Creating policies that are strategy encouraging For constant improvement, Amazon employs best policies Linking reward structure Use of strategic leadership Operations strategy monitoring Continuous monitoring of operation strategy helps an organization to be on financial track. It always helps in providing a direction to the employees who improve time management and increases the productivity of the company (Slack et al. 2013). Amazon monitors strategy operation to track its financial status. The company does it in several steps. The steps include: The specific form of measurement is created in order to determine the level of the workplace, operational productivity, performance of the employees, etc. To determine operational progress, a stem is developed Accountability system creation Comparison of employee documentation with gathered information Creation of open work environment(Brner et al. 2014) Hiring of additional steps which sometimes help in improving the operation of workplace Investment should be done in new technology in order to improve the productivity of the company (Ward and Peppard, 2016). With the help of production goals, motivate employees. Control of operations strategy Operations strategy is controlled in order to ensure that the day to day activities are constant with established plans and actions of the company. The strategy is obtained from the requirement of management control system. It includes several actions, which are training, motivation, leadership, discipline, or termination (Kumar, 2014). Amazon uses control operation strategy for evaluation of value chain analysis for measuring quantitative analysis, Benchmarking, key factor rating, etc. Amazon analyses and evaluates value chain analysis in order to identify and describe the potential of resources and capabilities (Slack et al. 2013). Amazon uses a technique known as benchmarking, in order to learn high quality things from other organization. The control of operation strategy helps Amazon to improve its performance in financial, marketing and human resource field (Brner et al. 2014) Competitive strategies of Amazon Competitive Strategy is defined as a long-term plan of a company to gain a competitive advantage over the competitors of the company. The three important competitive strategies are: Cost-Leadership Strategy The strategy is used by business for creating low cost of operation. The strategy is mainly used in order to gain an advantage by reducing the operation cost. The company gains the advantage over the competitors (Ritala et al. 2014) Amazon uses cost leadership strategy to achieve lowest production and distribution costs with the help of economies of scale. The strategy has provided strength to Amazon for purchasing, manufacturing and distribution, which help the company in managing costs. Amazon uses the cost leadership strategy to set lower prices of products to grab the market share (Gouvea, 2015). Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy is a process that is employed by every business for increasing the perceived value of the brand. The strategy is used in a company, where a company has clear competitive advantages for sustaining an expensive campaign related with advertising. Through competitive pricing, distributor location, distribution timing, product customization, etc., the companies achieve the process (Brynjolfsson et al. 2013). Amazon targets quality and value-seeking consumers that have minimum premium contributions and strong brand equity by using differentiation strategy. To pursue the strategy, Amazon focuses on the smaller part of the offerings (Valdani and Arbore, 2013). Amazon uses this strategy because it is an integrated set of action. It helps the company to produce or deliver goods and services. Focus strategy A company concentrates on its resources by entering or expanding in a market or industry segment in a process is known as focus strategy. The strategy is used in a company, where the company knows its segment, and the products of the company can competitively satisfy the needs of the consumers (Gouvea, 2015). Amazon chooses to focus on one or more market segments in order to protect the company from the competition. The strategy helps Amazon when it has limited resources. The first type of strategy that is used by Amazon is for making the cheapest offering in a targeted market (Ritala et al. 2014). The second focus strategy that Amazon uses is for targeting the market segments with more specialized product lines. Both the focus strategies used by Amazon is helpful in competing when there are limited resources (Valdani and Arbore, 2013). Strategy Improvement The improvement strategy refers to the goals and visions of the organization that will help the organization in achieving competitive advantage by addressing the deficiencies, waste, and plant assets condition. The use of strategic SWOT analysis helps in defining the strategy properly. For improving the strategy further, some steps are used by the companies (Kantor and Streitfeld, 2015). The steps are: Scope or processes must be defined in order to improve Understanding the needs of the process Setting goals and benchmark (Holsapple et al. 2014). For achieving goals, tasks and steps must be set Contribution of operation management to improve the Amazons strategy The integral of operation management in many companies are the operations manager. Operation management has a great role in the development of the organization. The operation management has responsibility for collaborating with other managers of the company to determine how operational planning helps to contribute the long-term strategy of the company. The operation management provides the functional component of the operation of the company (Espinosa, 2012). Planning includes determining goals and objectives related to logistic management, budget management, and related service management (Street et al. 2016). Operation management professionals provide direction to the various managers of the company for ensuring that planning is carried out in the company. It is the task of the operation management to ensure that all the workers are doing their task within the organization by maintaining the goals and budgetary objectives of the organization (Holsapple et al. 2014). The main task of the operation management professionals is to correct goals and objectives if they are not carried out properly. Operation management also helps in achieving the organizational strategy by having a co-ordination between the various departments of the organization. Efficiency and focus of the company are improved by improving the relation between different departments of the company (Espinosa, 2012). They must be able to access the resources of the organization whether it is monetary or not. It is done for ensuring that the resources must be used efficiently. The operation manager accesses the resources for increasing the profitability of the organization (Kantor and Streitfeld, 2015). Conclusion It is concluded from the report, logistic and operation management is very much important for Amazon. The company uses different competitive strategies that help in focussing on various market segments. The strategies are advantageous in order to protect the company from the competition. Amazon formulates different strategy plan in order grab the consumer electronics market. It has selected the most important course of action to achieve the vision of the organization . Amazon analyses and evaluates value chain analysis to identify and describe the potential of resources and capabilities. Recommendations Logistic and operation management is an area of business where improvement is needed to satisfy the customers. For improvement, several steps need to do on a regular basis. The steps include: Verifying the requirements of the customer: assessing the needs and requirements of the customer will be helpful in defining the total need of the logistic services Competitive performance tracking: with the help of competitive assessments, one can compare the performance of its organization with the most appropriate competitors. This is exactly done to measure the perception of the market place. Internal assessment: for keeping the assessment of the company totally objective, it is always recommended to conduct the internal assessment by an expert from outside the organization. An expert from outside the organization can identify the gaps and opportunities and compare them with the best practices in the organization. References Aguzzoni, L., Argentesi, E., Ciari, L., Duso, T. and Tognoni, M. (2016). Ex Post Merger Evaluation in the UK Retail Market for Books.The Journal of Industrial Economics,64(1), pp.170-200. Brner, J., Wunder, S., Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S., Hyman, G. and Nascimento, N. (2014) Forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon: Costs and income effects.Global Environmental Change,29, pp.294-305. Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y.J. and Rahman, M.S. (2013). Competing in the age of omnichannel retailing.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(4), p.23. Cheung, J.H., Burns, D.K., Sinclair, R.R. and Sliter, M. (2016). Amazon Mechanical Turk in Organizational Psychology: An Evaluation and Practical Recommendations.Journal of Business and Psychology, pp.1-15. Espinosa, O. (2012). To Be Shipibo Nowadays: The Shipiboà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Konibo Youth Organizations as a Strategy for Dealing with Cultural Change in the Peruvian Amazon Region.The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology,17(3), pp.451-471. Gouvea, R. (2015). Designing a Nano Infrastructure for Brazils Amazon Water Resources: A Quadruple Helix Approach.Journal of Water Resource and Protection,7(01), p.72. 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